The recent developments in the research area of fair allocation and consensus protocols have seen significant advancements, particularly in addressing fairness and efficiency in distributed systems and resource allocation problems. The field is moving towards more nuanced and sophisticated methods for ensuring fairness, with a focus on both theoretical guarantees and practical implementations. Innovations in consensus protocols are addressing the fairness of message ordering in decentralized finance applications, with new approaches like FIFO, random, and blind ordering being explored. In the realm of resource allocation, there is a growing emphasis on optimizing capacity modifications to ensure stable matchings, with algorithms being developed to minimize capacity increases while maintaining strong stability. Additionally, the concept of fair division is being redefined through novel notions of fair shares, leveraging cake-cutting processes to achieve more equitable distributions. These advancements not only enhance the theoretical underpinnings of fair allocation but also pave the way for more just and efficient real-world applications, particularly in decentralized systems and strategic resource management.