The recent advancements in the field of sustainable transportation and intelligent systems have significantly focused on optimizing energy efficiency, enhancing communication protocols, and integrating renewable energy sources. A notable trend is the development of advanced mathematical formulations and computational models tailored for electric vehicle routing and charging strategies, which aim to balance environmental sustainability with operational efficiency. Innovations in vehicular communication networks, particularly in dynamic and multi-hop environments, have led to the creation of robust optimization frameworks that ensure temporal continuity and stability, even under fluctuating conditions. Additionally, the potential of electric vehicles as distributed energy resources, particularly through vehicle-to-grid technologies, has been explored in depth, offering promising solutions for grid resilience during emergencies. Control systems for hybrid electric vehicles have also seen significant improvements, leveraging machine learning and fuzzy logic to optimize fuel efficiency and extend electric range under diverse driving conditions. These developments collectively underscore a shift towards more integrated, adaptive, and sustainable solutions in the transportation sector.