The recent developments in the field of quantum-based communication and cryptography have shown significant advancements towards creating more secure and efficient systems. Researchers are focusing on integrating quantum technologies into existing communication infrastructures, aiming to build a secure Quantum Internet. This shift is driven by the need to address the vulnerabilities posed by quantum computers to traditional public-key cryptosystems. Notably, there is a growing interest in hybrid systems that combine public-key cryptography with physical-layer security to mitigate the risks of quantum attacks. Additionally, advancements in decoding algorithms for post-quantum cryptography, such as the layered bit-flipping decoder, have demonstrated substantial reductions in complexity and memory requirements, enhancing the practicality of these systems. Furthermore, the exploration of physical layer security in continuous-aperture array systems has revealed superior secrecy performance compared to conventional methods, offering new avenues for secure transmission frameworks. These innovations collectively push the boundaries of secure communication in the quantum era, addressing both current and future security challenges.