The field of haptic feedback and tactile sensing is experiencing significant advancements, with a focus on developing multimodal systems that can provide a range of sensations, including pressure, vibration, and temperature. These systems aim to create a more immersive and realistic experience in virtual environments and human-machine interaction. Researchers are exploring innovative designs and technologies, such as pneumatic actuators, magnetic perception mechanisms, and dynamic illumination patterns, to improve the quality and capabilities of tactile sensors. Noteworthy papers in this area include:

• A novel silicone fingertip actuator that provides pressure, vibrotactile, and cold thermal feedback, showcasing its effectiveness in virtual environments.
• MagicGel, a visual-based tactile sensor that integrates a magnetic perception mechanism, achieving fast response characteristics and coordinated optimization of multimodal perception capabilities.
• The Visual-Electronic Tactile System, which integrates electrical stimulation feedback with vision-based tactile sensors, enabling bidirectional tactile communication.
• A method to enhance vision-based tactile sensors via dynamic illumination and image fusion, resulting in significant improvements in image quality and sensing capabilities.