The field of energy systems is moving towards greater integration of renewable energy sources and distributed energy resources, which requires increased flexibility in energy loads. This trend is driving the development of new models and technologies that can provide device-independent approximations of flexibility and enable flexible data exchange with various smart energy appliances and market systems. Notable papers in this area include:

• A proposal for extending the SAREF4ENER ontology to support the complete FlexOffer model, enabling accurate description of flexibility for advanced devices.
• A methodology for modeling charging demand and quantifying flexibility bounds for large-scale electric vehicle fleets, providing valuable insights for optimizing energy system operations.